Conceptualizations and emerging challenges of 21st century education in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution: A review
Keywords:
21st century education; Education 4.0; artificial intelligence; teachingAbstract
Education in the 21st century faces transformations as a result of technological advances and social changes. Hence the need to review current pedagogical trends, distinguishing between traditional and transformative approaches, taking into account the emergence of Education 4.0. To address this topic in depth, a systematic literature review on 21st century education was conducted using Scopus, analyzing 95 peer-reviewed articles. A reading process of in-depth reading, idea extraction, and qualitative and quantitative analysis. related to the conceptualizations and challenges of teaching. The results highlight key features such as the use of technology, the development of thinking skills, personalized learning and the integration of disruptive technologies. The main challenges include the use of online platforms based on AI, intelligent virtual environments, their relationship with the STEAM approach and the development of computational thinking. Finally, the integration of artificial intelligence in education is discussed as a significant advance, emphasizing the need for a global perspective that takes into account inequalities between different countries. It is noted that its effectiveness depends on the technological infrastructure, the preparation of teachers and the treatment of underlying economic and social disparities.
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